Mr. Script

Getting Beyond the Subnet

Moving beyond static IP addresses makes our intrepid script router-friendly and takes you to the great outdoors.

• By Chris Brooke
• 08/01/2002

In my younger years, I was something of a “gamer.” Arcades were everywhere when I was in high school, and I was usually there—dumping my paycheck one quarter at a time into the latest shoot-’em-up, blow-’em-up, err…mess-’em-up games. In the last 20 years (Geez! Has it been 20 years already?), I haven’t had much time for gaming. But now that I have two boys (never mind that Sammy doesn’t know a video game from Teletubbies, and Shawn already has PS2), I decided to pop for an Xbox for Christmas—just to see if the old hand-eye coordination was still there.

What does this have to do with using WMI to script IP configuration, you ask? Well, one of the cool features of the Xbox is its promised ability to connect via network to another Xbox for multi-player mayhem. The problem is that the Xbox expects the other systems to be in the same subnet. In other words, the Xbox network traffic is stopped cold at the router, unless there’s appropriate bridging software installed on said router to forward the packets.

If you ran the script we wrote last month, your computer is currently in the same predicament: You can network locally to your heart’s content, but are stopped dead at the router. Let’s see if we can’t remedy this by allowing you to configure DNS, WINS, and gateway information in the same script.

<script language="VBScript">
<![CDATA[

Dim objService, objEnumerator, objInstance, intStatus,
   strIPAddr, strSNMask, strXLFile, strComputer
Dim strGateway, strDNSServer, strPWINS, strSWINS,
   strPDNS, strSDNS
If WScript.Arguments.Named.Exists("File")
   strXLFile=WScript.Arguments.Named.Item("File")
Else
   WScript.Arguments.ShowUsage()
   WScript.Quit
End If

objXL.Visible=True
objXL.workbooks.open strXLFile
objXL.sheets("IP Addresses").Activate
objXL.ActiveSheet.range("A1").Activate

Do While objXL.ActiveCell.Value<>""
   strComputer=objXL.ActiveCell.Value
   strIPaddr=Array(objXL.ActiveCell.OffSet(0,1).Value)
   strSNMask=Array(objXL.ActiveCell.OffSet(0,2).Value)
   strGateway=Array(objXL.ActiveCell.OffSet(0,3).Value)
   strPWINS=objXL.ActiveCell.OffSet(0,4).Value
   strSWINS=objXL.ActiveCell.OffSet(0,5).Value
   strPDNS= objXL.ActiveCell.OffSet(0,6).Value
   strSDNS= objXL.ActiveCell.OffSet(0,7).Value
   strDNSServer=Array(strPDNS, strSDNS)
   SetobjService=objLocator.ConnectServer
      (strComputer,"root\cimv2",,0,context)
   Set objEnumerator=objService.ExecQuery("Select *
      From Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration _
      Where DatabasePath IS NOT NULL")

   objService.Security_.impersonationlevel = 3

   For Each objInstance in objEnumerator
      intStatus=objInstance.SetGateways(strGateway)
      intStatus=objInstance.SetWINSServer (strPWINS, strSWINS)
      intStatus=objInstance.SetDNSServerSearchOrder
         (strDNSServer)
      intStatus=objInstance.EnableStatic
         (strIPaddr, strSNMask)
   Next
   objXL.ActiveCell.OffSet(1,0).Activate
Loop

WScript.quit

]]>
</script>

The Abridged Version
Last month’s script was a bit long. Rather than take up a lot of space reprinting mostly the same code, I’ve tried to conserve space by just including the code inside the <script> tag. The rest of the script remains the same—but be sure to merge the two parts before running it! Remember, the XML code contains our object definitions and argument settings. As you can see, the changes are relatively minor.

First, we had to find a way to specify the IP addresses of the DNS, WINS and gateway servers. Previously, we entered the IP addresses into a spreadsheet, with an entry for each computer. We used a static subnet mask, assuming we were performing this operation only on computers in the same subnet. (Actually, they can be in different subnets, so long as the subnet masks are the same.) Because we’re adding even more information (and we want our script to be flexible), we’ve added columns for the subnet mask and default gateway to our spreadsheet.

We’ve also added entries into this spreadsheet for the DNS and WINS server addresses. Granted, it’s likely you have only one or two DNS and WINS servers providing hostname and NetBIOS name resolution for your entire organization, so this results in a lot of extra cutting and pasting of what is likely to be the same set of IP addresses. However, it’s better to have the flexibility and not need it, than to need it and not have it.

For the record, the order of the spreadsheet columns is now: Computer name, IPAddress, Subnet mask, Default Gateway, Primary WINS server, Secondary WINS server, Primary DNS server, Secondary DNS server. Remember that everything except the computer name needs to be in dotted decimal notation. If you make a mistake and type a computer name instead of the IP address for one of these servers, you’ll be sorely disappointed.

Some Minor Tweaking
You’ll recall that, in last month’s script, the IP address and subnet mask values were converted to arrays prior to running objInstance.EnableStatic. We have to do the same thing for the DNS server list and for the gateways. Because you can also have multiple DNS servers and/or gateways, WMI needs a way to get them all entered. Ironically, we don’t have to do this for the WINS server addresses. They’re set as the separate properties of PrimaryServer and SecondaryServer.

Please note: You may receive an error upon executing the IP address change because the connection to the remote computer was based on the “ old” IP adress, not the new one that you just changed it to. This is why we change the IP address last. The change will take effect whether or not an error is triggered, but you’ll probably want to put in some error-handling code to catch this and clear the error. Your remember how to do that, don’t you?

One other thing: I’m using an undeclared variable—intStatus—to execute each WMI method. Ordinarily, you wouldn’t use the same variable to return status codes for several operations. Feel free to declare four separate variables for performing these methods. This will also allow you to verify that each operation succeeds.

Go Forth And Conquer!
Congratulations! You can now network beyond your subnet. There’s this newfangled thing out there called the “Internet”. It has these things called “Web sites”. Now that your computer’s capable of accessing remote networks, why not go and have a look around? There’s some pretty interesting stuff out there.

Me? I’ll be busy trying to get to the next level of whatever Xbox game it is that I’m obsessed with this week. No, wait—what I meant to say is: “I’ll be busy working hard on my column for next month.” Yeah, that’s the ticket.